Zusammenfassung 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The potential vorticity perspective 2 1.2 Diabatic heating and cyclone intensification 5 4.4.2 Cold front structure 68 contents 4.4.3 CDPV anomalies 74 4.5 Time evolution (C1-C3) 87 4.5.1 Cyclone structure 88 4.5.2 CDPV anomalies 91 4.5.3 How different is the Lagrangian perspective from the Eulerian perspective? 103 4.6 Comparison to the idealized cyclone 110 4.6.1 Warm front structure 111 4.6.2 CDPV anomalies 113 4.6.3 A conceptual understanding of the

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... ex frontal mesoscale PV patterns 115 4.7 Summary 118 5 Summary 121 5.1 How important are below-cloud processes like rain evaporation, snow melting and snow sublimation for the positive and negative PV anomalies? 121 5.2 Can the mesoscale PV structure at the fronts be explained by the microphysical processes? 122 5.3 What is the general evolution of the positive and negative anomalies over time? 123 5.4 Do we require the Lagrangian perspective to answer the above questions? 124