Jatropha curcas L. is a species with high potential for the biodiesel production. Therefore, the oil yield and quality from it seeds should be known. This study aimed to estimate the correlation between morphological traits, yield and oil quality evaluated in the seeds, to know the genetic diversity between J. curcas accessions and it behavior regarding to three harvest seasons. For this purpose, X-ray digital images from seeds of 18 accessions were obtained, and the seeds analyzed for external

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... and internal morphological aspects. The same seeds were analyzed for oil yield and quality. In general, the results concerning diversity indicated a narrow genetic base. More rounded and very long seeds had lower oil yield. Larger seeds presented higher oil yield only when their internal cavity was filled by their endosperm. Most of the accessions showed variation regarding the size of the endosperm, yield and oil quality between harvest seasons.