RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGIES OF THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION IN INDUSTRY.PART 2.DESIGNING AND PROGRAMMING TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Georgy B Evgenev
2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES  
The Digital revolution in industry is supposed to cover all stages of the product life cycle, including design and programming of manufacturing processes. However, at these stages, things and processes are not yet accomplished in reality; they are only formed as models in the virtual world with the help of the Internet of Knowledge. Therefore, the Internet of Things concept, the basis of the "Industry 4.0" project, is not enough to conduct a full-scale digital revolution. The concept treats the
more » ... stage prior to production quite meagerly. This paper aims to develop a structure of the Internet of Knowledge as applied to design and programming of technological processes in digital production. The key methodology to examine this problem is the methodology of artificial intelligence. It provides for comprehensive consideration of the problems that arise at all stages of the life cycle of engineering products. The Internet of Knowledge has an ontological basis and includes meta-ontology, which comprises the ontology of objects, the ontology of tasks and the ontology of optimization. The Digital Revolution should give the knowledge carriers without programming skills an opportunity to enter pieces of information into the computer without intermediaries. The materials of the paper are of practical value for the creation of integrated automation systems for the design and programming of engineering processes. 368 topic [V] includes a global map of American, European and Asian countries working in the sphere of 4IR development. Russia is not indicated on this map. In the meantime, the leaders of the Russian Federation set the task of creating a knowledge-based digital industry in the country. This paper is devoted to the solution of this problem. The Industrial Revolution is accompanied by the Digital Revolution. The Digital Revolution -the ubiquitous transition from analog technologies to digital onesbegan in the 1980s and is still continuing in the first decades of the 21st century. The Digital Revolution brings about fundamental changes associated with the widespread use of information and communication technologies that started in the second half of the XX century and became the information revolution prerequisites, which predetermined the processes of postindustrial economy emergence. To integrate the Industrial and Digital Revolutions, it is necessary to consider two worlds together: the virtual world realized by the Internet of Knowledge (IoK), and the real world realized by the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Knowledge has an ontological basis [VIII], the essential object of which is meta-ontology. From the point of view of the problems related to artificial intelligence (AI), ontology is an explicit specification of the knowledge conceptualization. Meta-ontology operates with common concepts and relations that do not depend on a particular subject area. Meta-ontology should contain concepts and relations required for the ontology of objects, as well as for the ontology of tasks and optimization. The ontology of objects formally consists of a hierarchy of concepts, their definitions and attributes, as well as the axioms and inference rules associated with them. The object ontology based on the use of tasks provides, on the basis of technical tasks, the generation of 3D product models that adequately represent the products in the virtual world and meet the requirements of the tasks. The ontology of tasks includes the tasks of structural and parametric synthesis of models of products and processes. It helps to create digital models of processes and production. The third component of meta-ontology is the ontology of optimization; that has constituent elements of single-and multi-objective optimization. The conceptual models of intelligent systems, at all levels from knowledge modules to knowledge banks, are based on the IDEF0 standard. In this regard, this paper also considers functional models from the level of the product life cycle to the level of construction units and processes. The Functional Model of the Product Life Cycle The special challenges that Russia faces at the present time are import substitution (including information technology) and improvement of engineering 369 manufacturing competitiveness and efficiency. Both of these tasks are closely related to the life cycle management (PLM) systems of engineering products. The NX system [XXVI] is one of non-Russian PLM systems implemented in Russian enterprises. The weak points of introducing foreign systems in Russian industry are [XX]:  fairly high cost of licenses (2-3 thousand dollars per license), implementation and maintenance;  lack of full-fledged localization and support of standards;  almost absolute lack of integration with domestic computer-aided design(CAD) systems;  complex customization (it requires considerable programming in C ++ or Java). These reasons induced the Russian company SPRUT Technology [XXVII, XXV] to develop PLM components that provide automated design (SPRUT-TP) and programming (SprutCAM) of technological processes, as well as scheduling and production management (SPRUT-OKP). These components can work with domestic systems of automated design and design data management, which ensures the creation of a full-scale domestic PLM that takes into account all Russian standards and traditions. 371 features. The functional elements of parts are intended to meet the specific needs associated with the manufacture and operation of the product. The needs directly related to the operation of a product are provided by the design elements of its parts, and those related to the maintenance of the product by an operator during its workby information elements. The needs arising during manufacture of the product are provided with technological elements (Fig.2) . The need for a technical system can be formalized as P = (D, G, H), whereDindicates the action leading to the realization of the need of interest,Gspecifies the object of the action andHis the indication of special conditions and restrictions, under which the action Dis performed. 372 devices (handles, buttons, etc.), as well as provision of necessary aesthetic perception of the product. Assembly units are formed by conjunctive elements of parts. Connection of parts is possible be means of movable contacts orfixed detachable and permanent contacts. The elements of the connection with a movable contact provide generation of the motion of machine work members (guiding ways), the conversion of one motion type to another type (lead screws, ratchets, etc.), the transmission of torque by the elements of tooth, worm gears and other gears, as well as lubrication of surfaces. The elements of detachable connections of parts with a fixed contact provide torque transmission, resistance to force, locating of parts, as well as the location of fasteners and compatibility of adjacent parts.
doi:10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00023 fatcat:na4y7ko4avafvh3klhr56r37gu