The ability to maximize the environmental value of reclamation is often constrained by engineering design criteria and protocol as well as specified standards. While standards minimize the chance of project failures, there are situations where strict adherence has stifled innovation. Evaluating the risks associated with projects can identify lower risk opportunities where innovative techniques can be explored. This paper presents a conceptual framework for evaluating risk and applies it to two

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... cenarios; evaluating stream stabilization projects using rip rap and reclamation of acidic tailings. Cases studies are presented where low risk projects have used innovative techniques that have the potential to shift the paradigm with respect to commonly applied approaches in mine reclamation to improve the environmental values of reclamation.