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Contract farming and everyday acts of resistance: Oil palm contract farmers in the Philippines
2021
Journal of Agrarian Change
Contract violations are critical issues determining the success and sustainability of contract farming (CF). This paper challenges the common portrayal of the "powerful" company versus the "powerless" landowners/smallholders by using the literature on labour agency in global value chains to understand minor contract violations of contract farmers such, as side-selling, refusal to harvest, and burning/felling of oil palm trees. This paper conceptualizes these violations as acts of minor agency
doi:10.1111/joac.12462
fatcat:3afigimni5gofhc73pnz2pvtqy