In this paper, indoor propagation characteristics for TV white space (TVWS) frequency bands are studied. Measurements in the actual indoor environment are performed and described. An indoor propagation model for TVWS is developed, which is useful for evaluating secondary-secondary interference in TVWS scenarios, and its empirical parameters are derived according to measurement results. Our proposed model is based on components of free space path loss, penetration losses of walls and floors, an

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... ttenuation coefficient against distance, and an attenuation constant. Frequency dependency of these parameters is derived. Our proposed model is compared with representative indoor models from the literature. Results show that our proposed model, with the obtained empirical parameters, achieves better performance than representative indoor models. The standard deviation of estimation error for our proposed model is only 5.9 dB.