The paper develops an analysis of the Tanzanian legislative and policy framework on rural water supply. It investigates the Cowsos system and assesses the private sector participation in the management of rural water projects. The research developed a quantitative-qualitative integrated approach through a semi-structured questionnaire submitted to District Water Engineers of Dodoma Region. The research shows that Cowsos establishment and registration process lacks of dedicated financial

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... s, clear guidelines and adequate directives from Central Government to Local Government Authorities, and highlights that Cowsos and the private sector can coexist in a management formula that holds together independence and community participation.