The ways Australians use energy have changed significantly over the past thirty years, for example the low energy intensity services sector has grown its share of the economy. Over the next two hundred years they will change far more, as factors such as climate change, an ageing population and changing cultures and technologies impact. Many consider that energy use is driven by economic and population growth. While these are important, the nature of change in energy service requirements and the

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... efficiency with which energy services are delivered are even more important. This paper discusses past and future trends in Australia's energy service requirements, and assesses the implications for energy supply. Changes in global and local energy service requirements mean that demand for Australian energy and resource exports may decline significantly in absolute terms, and the viability of conventional energy grids, even in cities, will be questionable. The actual outcome will be sensitive to decisions, both conscious and unconscious, made by individuals, business and governments.