Quantum-fluid description of the free-electron laser

R. Bonifacio, N. Piovella, G. R. M. Robb, A. Serbeto
2009 Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics  
Using the Madelung transformation we show that in a quantum Free Electron Laser (QFEL) the beam obeys the equations of a quantum fluid in which the potential is the classical potential plus a quantum potential. The classical limit is shown explicitly.
doi:10.1103/physreva.79.015801 fatcat:kecrzrywkjhohcljmoz3cdlfxa