A central challenge in ad hoc networks is the design of routing protocols that can adapt their behavior to frequent and rapid changes in the network. The performance of proactive and reactive routing protocols varies with network characteristics, and one protocol may outperform the other in different network conditions. The optimal routing strategy depends on the underlying network topology, rate of change, and traffic pattern, and varies dynamically. This paper introduces the Sharp Hybrid

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... ive Routing Protocol (SHARP), which automatically finds the balance point between proactive and reactive routing by adjusting the degree to which route information is propagated proactively versus the degree to which it needs to be discovered reactively. SHARP enables each node to use a different application-specific performance metric to control the adaptation of the routing layer. This paper describes application-specific protocols built on top of SHARP for minimizing packet overhead, bounding loss rate, and controlling jitter. Simulation studies show that the resulting protocols outperform the purely proactive and purely reactive protocols across a wide range of network characteristics.