AbstractThis Essay examines a series of paradoxes that have rendered the international legal order's mechanisms for collective action powerless precisely when they are needed most to fight COVID-19. The "patriotism paradox" is that disengagement from the international legal order weakens rather than strengthens state sovereignty. The "border paradox" is that securing domestic populations by excluding noncitizens, in the absence of accompanying regulatory mechanisms to secure adherence to

more »

... l health measures, accelerates viral spread among citizens. The "equality paradox" is that while pandemics pose an equal threat to all people, their impacts compound existing inequalities.