With recent progress in surgical techniques and postoperative managements, radical operations for lesions in the trachea and bronchus have been aggressively performed. Tracheoplasty is mainly performed in patients with tracheal stenosis secondary to tracheostomy, tracheal invasion of thyroid carcinoma, tracheal injuries and primary malignant tumors. Bronchoplasty is performed in patients with lung cancer, tuberculosis, bronchial injuries and benign tumors. Operations for lesions in the

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... onchus consist mainly of sleeve resection and end-to-end anastomosis. It is now evident that primary anastomosis is possible even if it necessitates a wide resection of the trachea. In tracheobronchoplasty, not only operative technique but also anesthetic technique is important. Accumulation of carbon dioxide and the occurrence of arythmia should be prevented.