Emphysema is the rnost common disease entity to undergo lung transplantation. From July, 1996 to March, 2005, total oi eight lung transplantations and one heart-Iung transplanation has been performed and three were emphysema patients who underwent single lung transplantation, There were two males and one female, with a niean age oi 50 years (35, 57, and 58 years), The operation ",as performed without the help of cardiopulmonary bypass, and there was no operative mortality. The mean survival was

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... 12 months (4, 15, and 17 months) and all succumbed to death due to activation of pulmonary tuberculosis, post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease, and cytomegalovirus (CMXD gastritis associated with asph},xia. The postoperative infection was the most common complication resulting in longer hospital stay and higher medical expense ultimately leading to shorter survival period. An aggressive prophylactic management of perioperative infection is necessary in order to increase early and long-term surxTival in patients with emphysema undergoing single or bilateral lung transplanation.