Background-Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is a novel, high resolution intravascular imaging modality. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a widely used conventional imaging modality for achieving optimal stent deployment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of FD-OCT guidance for coronary stent implantation compared with IVUS guidance. Methods and Results-A total of 70 patients with de novo coronary artery lesions and either unstable or stable angina pectoris

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... were enrolled in this randomized study (optical coherence tomography [OCT] group: nϭ35, IVUS group: nϭ35). In the OCT group, stent implantation was performed under FD-OCT guidance alone and final stent expansion was evaluated by IVUS. In the IVUS group, conventional IVUS guidance was used and final stent apposition was evaluated by FD-OCT. There were no significant differences regarding the procedural, fluoroscopy time, and contrast volume. Although device and clinical success rates also were similar, the visibility of vessel border was significantly lower in the OCT group (PϽ0.05). Minimum and mean stent area and focal and diffuse stent expansion were smaller (6.1Ϯ2.2 mm versus 7.1Ϯ2.1 mm, 7.5Ϯ2.5 versus 8.7Ϯ2.4 mm, 64.7Ϯ13.7% versus 80.3Ϯ13.4%, 84.2Ϯ15.8% versus 98.8Ϯ16.5%, PϽ0.05, respectively), and the frequency of significant residual reference segment stenosis at the proximal edge was higher in the OCT group (PϽ0.05). Incomplete apposed struts in both groups were similar (Pϭ0.34). Conclusions-FD-OCT guidance for stent implantation was associated with smaller stent expansion and more frequent significant residual reference segment stenosis compared with conventional IVUS guidance. (Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:00-00.)