CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER
Antoanela Valentina CRAFCIUC, Adriana-Estefa MUÑOZ-GROZA, Vlad Dumitru BĂLEANU, Veronica GHEORMAN, Victor GHEORMAN, Ion SCURTU, Corina Lavinia GRUIA, Camelia Maria FOARFĂ, Daniel-Cristian PÎRVU
2021
Research and Science Today
Although 70 years ago gastric cancer was the most common neoplasm, the incidence and mortality have decreased dramatically in recent years 10 . At the beginning of the 21 st century, we witness a substantial change in the global trends compared to the first estimates in 1975. In 2012 were diagnosed approximately one million new cases (952,000 cases), making it the fifth frequent cancer in the world (6.8% of the total) after lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate 11 . Currently, gastric cancer
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... the second leading cause of death from cancer in both genders worldwide after lung and liver malignancies (723,000 deaths, 8.8% of the total) 12 . The two main locations of gastric cancer are proximal (cardia) and distal (non-cardia). Even though the incidence of distal gastric cancer is continuously decreasing, the incidence of proximal tumors has been steadily increasing since the 1970s, especially in men in Western countries 13 . Gastric tumors can predominate in populations of different races, socioeconomic groups, and geographical regions because there are large differences in genetic susceptibility, pathological profile, clinical manifestations, and prognosis. Over the past 3 decades, mortality in gastric cancer has declined significantly in many regions of the world 14 . It has been found that in countries with an increased incidence of gastric cancer the survival rate is higher than in countries where its incidence is lower due to the variable location of the tumor in the stomach 15 . Also, the presence of screening programs for early detection of gastric cancer in high-risk areas (like in Japan) has led to a decrease in mortality more than half since the early 1970s 16 . Tumors located near the pylorus have a better prognosis than those found in the gastric cardia, with a higher 5-year survival rate and lower periprocedural mortality rate 17 . If the tumor is limited to the mucosa, survival at 5 years is around 71% and decreases to 4% in the case of metastasis 18 . One of the reasons for the poor overall survival rate is that gastric cancers are frequently discovered in advanced stages. The stage of cancer together with the race (Asians have a better prognosis) and tumour location (proximal tumors) have a major effect on the 10 Parkin DM, Pisani P, Ferlay J.
doi:10.38173/rst.2021.21.1.4:39-52
fatcat:3ou7jjarajaslhxm2bb4lexgtu