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Instructor Impact on Differences in Teaching Presence Scores in Online Courses
2021
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning
Using three interdependent constructs: social, cognitive, and teaching presence, the Community of Inquiry framework is a theoretical process model of online learning. Specifically, teaching presence contains three sub-elements—(a) facilitation of discourse, (b) direct instruction, and (c) instructional design and organization—that work together to create a collaborative-constructivist learning environment. Data from the Community of Inquiry survey from 160 learners in 11 course sections were
doi:10.19173/irrodl.v22i3.5456
fatcat:nxybibltynbh5g5kp7ridaenmm