Genetic assessment of gibbon populations is required to establish and develop the conservation management of endangered gibbon species. To assess the paternal genetic diversity of wild gibbons, we searched and developed six loci of the Y-chromosomal marker that consist of five microsatellites and three PCR fragment length polymorphisms in two species of gibbons, Hylobates lar (white-handed gibbons) and H. pileatus (pileated gibbons). Using these Y-chromosomal markers, no individual shared a

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... romosomal haplotype with any other individual among captive H. lar (n = 12) and H. pileatus (n = 5). The application of the Y-chromosomal markers developed in this study will help us to uncover the genetic diversity of these two gibbon species. Gibbons (Family: Hylobatidae) are small apes endemic to Southeast Asia and its marginal regions. Highly adapted to the forest canopy [1], gibbons are extremely vulnerable to deforestation, with some species ranked Critically Endangered [2]. A recent genetic study focusing on wild * Corresponding author: Kazunari MATSUDAIRA