An LTE-Direct-Based Communication System for Safety Services in Vehicular Networks [chapter]

Shashank Kumar Gupta, Jamil Yusuf Khan, Duy Trong Ngo
2020 Moving Broadband Mobile Communications Forward - Intelligent Technologies for 5G and Beyond [Working Title]  
With the expected introduction of fully autonomous vehicles, the long-term evolution (LTE)-based vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networking approach is gaining a lot of industry attention, to develop new strategies to enhance safety and telematics features. The vehicular and wireless industries are currently considering the development of an LTE-based system, which may co-exist, with the IEEE 802.11p-based systems for some time. In light of the above fact, our objective is to investigate the
more » ... ment of LTE Proximity Service (ProSe)-based V2X architecture for time-critical vehicular safety applications in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In this chapter, we present a new cluster-based LTE sidelink-based vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) multicast/broadcast architecture to satisfy the latency and reliability requirements of V2V safety applications. Our proposed architecture combines a new ProSe discovery mechanism for sidelink peer discovery and a cluster-based round-robin scheduling technique to distribute the sidelink radio resources among the cluster members. Utilizing an OMNET++ based simulation model, the performance of the proposed network architecture is examined. Results of the simulation show that the proposed algorithms diminish the end-to-end delay and overhead signaling as well as improve the data packet delivery ratio (DPDR) compared with the existing 3GPP ProSe vehicle safety application technique. 2 Moving Broadband Mobile Communications Forward -Intelligent Technologies for 5G ... support V2X services which encompass three modes of communications: V2V, V2I, and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) in Release 14. To support vehicular networking requirements, the standard has developed a new channel architecture using the PC5 interface. The standard also supports the conventional Uu interface for different vehicular services. The PC5 interface includes the sidelink which has D2D communication abilities developed under Release 12 of the LTE standard. Release 12 was mainly developed for public safety applications. The V2X communication services are being enhanced in the LTE Release 15 and will be further enhanced in Release 16. In this chapter, we firstly review the vehicular networking and service requirements. Following the review of networking and service requirements, we briefly review the LTE-V/LTE-V2X standard. The discussion then focuses on our new algorithm referred to as Cluster-Based Cellular Vehicle-to-Vehicle (CBC-V2V) combined with a new peer discovery model referred to as Evolved Packet Core Level Sidelink Peer Discovery (ESPD). The chapter also presents the performance analysis of the CBC-V2V algorithm and compares the performance of the algorithm with other standard algorithms. In Section 2, we present the review on future vehicular network requirements. In Section 3, we briefly introduce the LTE-V/VX standard. In Section 4, our proposed LTE standard-based vehicular network resource allocation algorithm is presented. In Section 5, we present the simulation model developed to analyze the performance of the CBC-V2V algorithm. Conclusions are drawn in Section 6. Future vehicular network requirements Traffic management systems are constantly evolving to improve road traffic services and the safety of road users. Recently, the 3GPP introduced a number of vehicular network use cases in the LTE-V2V Release 14 [7] for future vehicular networks. The study showed that the vehicular network requirements have evolved over time. In early days, vehicular networks were developed mainly to support safer vehicle movements and reduce traffic congestion. However, future vehicular networks are planning to support a range of basic and enhanced services. Some of the future suggested services are listed below. The following list shows that future vehicular network requirements have been extended to include several smart city services such as parking management services, pedestrian and vulnerable road user safety. These services need to be supported by four different network Figure 1. LTE network architecture. 3 An LTE-Direct-Based Communication System for Safety Services in Vehicular Networks DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91948 An LTE-Direct-Based Communication System for Safety Services in Vehicular Networks DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91948 An LTE-Direct-Based Communication System for Safety Services in Vehicular Networks DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91948 An LTE-Direct-Based Communication System for Safety Services in Vehicular Networks DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91948 An LTE-Direct-Based Communication System for Safety Services in Vehicular Networks DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91948 concerned neighbor CH B0 over the LTE interface. The CH B0 multicasts the safety message to its cluster members V B1 and V B2 via the LTE-D2D PC5 interface. Simulation model An OMNET++ version 5.1.1-based simulation model is developed utilizing the SimuLTE library [32] that utilizes the INET framework 3.4.0. For enhanced traffic simulation, GPS data incorporation, and mobility support, we utilized the Veins Package with a realistic mobility model generated by the microscopic road traffic simulation package: Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) [33] . To add the mobility support feature in SimuLTE, a new interface known as vehicularMobility module has been added. This new mobility model can be implemented by the TraCIMobility module defined by the Veins. There is another mobility module known as INETMobility present in the INET framework. A vehicle can utilize only one mobility module during the simulation; therefore both modules (i.e., INETMobility and vehicularMobility) are defined as a conditional module within the Ned file. Veins use the OMNeT++ API to create and initialize the new module dynamically. When a new vehicle is created, it needs to obtain an IP address to communicate. SimuLTE demands the assignment of IP addresses to the IPv4NetworkConfigurator module provided by INET. A new parameter, i.e., d2dcapable, is utilized in the .ini file to enable direct communication between two UEs. Most of the PC-5 operations at each layer of the LTE stack are created by extending pre-existing SimuLTE capacities. For each D2D competent user, an LTE binder keeps up a data structure that contains the set of directly reachable destinations. In expansion to the existing DL/UL ones in SimuLTE, a new flow path, PC-5, has been distinguished. From the UE point of view, IP datagrams reach the PDCP layer and either the PC-5 or the UL directions can be associated with the corresponding flow, depending on whether the destination is in the LTE Binder peering table or not. The detailed description of configuring D2D communication in OMNET++ with SimuLTE is given in [34] . The key simulation parameters are summarized in Table 4 . We modified the existing D2D communication model in the SimuLTE to support our proposed cluster-based cellular V2V architecture. Figure 13 shows the CBC-V2V communication model consists of an access network entity (single eNodeB) and core network entities (MME, HSS, and GMLS) are utilized to support our proposed EPC Level Sidelink Peer Discovery model. In the simulation, we design a multilane highway scenario where the vehicles are distributed according to the Poisson process. The vehicles form the clusters using our proposed clustering scheme for D2D communication. To implement our proposed clustering scheme, we utilize the sample source code accessible online [35] . Each cluster node keeps up neighborhood table that contains its neighbor's ID and their state. In the simulation, we include scenarios of both multicast and unicast shown in Figure 12 . The model is simulated for both scenarios utilizing the parameters presented in Table 4 for 800 seconds. At the MAC layer in the SimuLTE, we modified the scheduling model (i.e., LTEDrr) to implement our proposed round-robin scheduling scheme presented in Section 4. Utilizing the proposed round-robin scheduling technique, each cluster node receives an equal share of the radio resource for D2D communication. Performance analysis Using the number of clusters/km and the traffic load (i.e., number of vehicles/ cluster) parameters, we examine the overall end-to-end delay, resource utilization,
doi:10.5772/intechopen.91948 fatcat:tixaoihfwzfpxhpjpwrvc4j2ci