This stud ア aims to ana1 ア ze how Japanese pre − school ch 且dren , through their relationships with others , under − stand the importance of norms . In two different yeals , two different classes of fbur − year − olds wcrc observcd , f') 一 sing on words used to ask fbr permission . Episodes were analyzed in two respects :( 1 ) the structure of relation − ships referred to by children when making dccisions rclated to understood norms ;( 2 ) the methods used to help children realize the

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... ofnorms . It was clari 丘ed that the children not only rely on the adUlts ' authority , but also ref と r to the other childrenMntentions , and that the rcsponses 丘 om the teachers can help lead Children to think by thernselves and understand the importance of norms . Based on the results of this study , fUrther ana1 ア sis of