In this study, we demonstrate the concept of "topology-matching design" for virus inhibitors. With the current knowledge of influenzaA virus (IAV), we designed a nanoparticle-based inhibitor (nano-inhibitor) that has a matched nanotopology to IAV virions and shows heteromultivalent inhibitory effects on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The synthesized nano-inhibitor can neutralize the viral particle extracellularly and block its attachment and entry to the host cells. The virus replication was

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... ignificantly reduced by 6 orders of magnitude in the presence of the reverse designed nano-inhibitors. Even when used 24hours after the infection, more than 99.999% inhibition is still achieved, which indicates such a nano-inhibitor might be a potent antiviral for the treatment of influenza infection.