FEM has been used to obtain the eigen-modes of PCF involving the varied distribution of the dielectric holes. PCF was assumed to be constructed with the background material of high-index dielectric and the several circular holes of low-index one. These holes were the dielectric such like the air and surrounded the central region of PCF. FEM has given the results that the spectra were varied according to the position and dimension of the dielectric air holes. Each eigen-modes have been

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... based on the spectra of the conventional optical fiber. The spectra have shown that the background material restricted the distribution of electromagnetic field to the central region. From these results, it has reconfirmed that the air dielectric holes combined with background material to confine the electromagnetic field into the small central region of PCF.