Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides highresolution images of static ground scenes, whereas processing of data containing ground object motion results in varying focusing effects. Special cases of such motion are vibration and rotation, which are closely related to each other. Their patterns may be distinctly recognizable in focused SAR intensity images as well as in a time-frequency analysis. Millimeter-wave (mmW) SAR is well suited to image vibration because its wavelength is close to

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... al vibration amplitudes. Through a thorough motion analysis in a standard SAR system model, we show the effects of rotation and vibration in mmW SAR theoretically and in simulated and real data. Index Terms-Micro-Doppler, millimeter-wave (mmW) radar, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), time-frequency analysis.