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TESS-Keck Survey. IX. Masses of Three Sub-Neptunes Orbiting HD 191939 and the Discovery of a Warm Jovian plus a Distant Substellar Companion

Jack Lubin, Judah Van Zandt, Rae Holcomb, Lauren M. Weiss, Erik A Petigura, Paul Robertson, Joseph M. Akana Murphy, Nicholas Scarsdale, Konstantin Batygin, Alex S. Polanski, Natalie M. Batalha, Ian J. M. Crossfield (+24 others)
2022 Astronomical Journal  

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Exoplanet systems with multiple transiting planets are natural laboratories for testing planetary astrophysics. One such system is HD 191939 (TOI 1339), a bright (V = 9) and Sun-like (G9V) star, which TESS found to host three transiting planets (b, c, and d). The planets have periods of 9, 29, and 38 days each with similar sizes from 3 to 3.4 R ⊕. To further characterize the system, we measured the radial velocity (RV) of HD 191939 over 415 days with Keck/HIRES and APF/Levy. We find that M b =
more » ... 0.4 ± 0.9 M ⊕ and M c = 7.2 ± 1.4 M ⊕, which are low compared to most known planets of comparable radii. The RVs yield only an upper limit on M d (<5.8 M ⊕ at 2σ). The RVs further reveal a fourth planet (e) with a minimum mass of 0.34 ± 0.01 M Jup and an orbital period of 101.4 ± 0.4 days. Despite its nontransiting geometry, secular interactions between planet e and the inner transiting planets indicate that planet e is coplanar with the transiting planets (Δi < 10°). We identify a second high-mass planet (f) with 95% confidence intervals on mass between 2 and 11 M Jup and period between 1700 and 7200 days, based on a joint analysis of RVs and astrometry from Gaia and Hipparcos. As a bright star hosting multiple planets with well-measured masses, HD 191939 presents many options for comparative planetary astronomy, including characterization with JWST.
doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac3d38 fatcat:lnqj5n4gajh25a7tpv4kaxcsiy
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Jack Lubin, Judah Van Zandt, Rae Holcomb, Lauren M. Weiss, Erik A Petigura, Paul Robertson, Joseph M. Akana Murphy, Nicholas Scarsdale, Konstantin Batygin, Alex S. Polanski, Natalie M. Batalha, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Courtney Dressing, Benjamin Fulton, Andrew W. Howard, Daniel Huber, Howard Isaacson, Stephen R. Kane, Arpita Roy, Corey Beard, Sarah Blunt, Ashley Chontos, Fei Dai, Paul A. Dalba, Kaz Gary, Steven Giacalone, Michelle L. Hill, Andrew Mayo, Teo Močnik, Molly R. Kosiarek, Malena Rice, Ryan A. Rubenzahl, David W. Latham, S. Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Kaz Gary. "TESS-Keck Survey. IX. Masses of Three Sub-Neptunes Orbiting HD 191939 and the Discovery of a Warm Jovian plus a Distant Substellar Companion." Astronomical Journal 163.2 (2022) 101