The postoperative period of congenital cardiomyopathies correction is frequently accompanied by systemic inflammatory response. Objectives: To assess the frequency of occurrence and clinical manifestations of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome after cardiopulmonary bypass (SIRS-CPB) in children submitted to cardiac surgery. Methods: Historical cohort study including patients up to years old that were submitted to elective corrective surgeries for congenital cardiopathies with

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... onary bypass (CPB). A total of 0 patients were assessed by means of clinical criteria of organ dysfunction through score tests, as comparing predisponent factors and aggregated morbidity to the presence of SIRS-CPB. Results: Twenty-two patients (.9%) fulfilled the criteria for SIRS-CPB. The sex or type of cardiopathy did not differ between groups (p = NS). Patients diagnosed with SIRS-CPB (compared to patients without SIRS-CPB) presented lower mean age (6.8 ± 5.5 versus 0.8 ± 5. months, p < 0.05), lower weight (5. ± .9 versus 6.9 ± .0 kg, p < 0.05), and longer CPB duration (5. ± 49.5 versus 9.9 ± . minutes, p < 0.05). Longer median duration of mechanical ventilation ( 0.0 versus .0 hours, p < 0.05), longer stay in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (65.0 versus 07.0 hours, p < 0.05) and in hospital (.0 versus 0.0 days, p < 0.05) were observed. In the multivariate analysis, higher weight (OR = 0.68, p = 0.0) was identified as a protection factor. Conclusion: The adopted clinical criteria identified a risk group for SIRS-CPB, which presented lower weight and longer CPB duration as predisponent factors. Patients with SIRS-CPB remain in mechanical ventilation, in ICU and in hospitalization for a longer period of time. (Arq Bras Cardiol 00; 94() : 9-4)