The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercises in the hypoxic conditions on the levels of saliva cortisol, testosterone and testosterone to cortisol ratio in young active men. Eight active young men with the average age of 23.33±1.56 years, weight of 67.16±3.14 and height of 176±1.76 cm participated in four sessions of aerobic exercises including running for 30 min with the intensity of 70% of maximal heart rate in four normoxic and hypoxic conditions (altitudes

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... 2750, 3250 and 3750 m). Before, immediately after and one hour after the exercise, the saliva samples were collected. The analysis of the data was done using mixed-models statistical methods which showed that, in both sampling times after exercises, the concentration of saliva cortisol in the hypoxic condition was significantly lower than its amount in the normoxic condition (P<0.05); however, it was not significantly different between three altitudes (P>0.05). No significant difference was observed for saliva testosterone (P>0.05) but the saliva testosterone to cortisol ratio significantly increased in the hypoxic condition (P>0.05). The findings of the present study are in contrast to the previous findings in most cases, which could be due to the applied natural or simulated altitudes in different studies, exercising in hypoxic conditions, the period of staying in the hypoxic condition, etc. The best result which could be taken from this study is that there should be more studies on this issue in order to answer the problems resulted from the present work.