Hollow Heaps

Thomas Dueholm Hansen, Haim Kaplan, Robert E. Tarjan, Uri Zwick
2017 ACM Transactions on Algorithms  
We introduce the hollow heap, a very simple data structure with the same amortized efficiency as the classical Fibonacci heap. All heap operations except delete and delete-min take O(1) time, worst case as well as amortized; delete and delete-min take O(log n) amortized time. Hollow heaps are by far the simplest structure to achieve this. Hollow heaps combine two novel ideas: the use of lazy deletion and re-insertion to do decrease-key operations, and the use of a dag (directed acyclic graph)
more » ... stead of a tree or set of trees to represent a heap. Lazy deletion produces hollow nodes (nodes without items), giving the data structure its name.
doi:10.1145/3093240 fatcat:44gntgrogrfahcahltasprozha