Area Venereologist, Middle East Forces Haemorrhagic encephalitis, a serious and often fatal complication of antisyphilitic arsenical therapy, has been reported from time to time in the literature but cases have been so infrequent that few workers have had the opportunity of studying this condition in its various aspects. At one centre in five out of fifty-three patients with early syphilis who-were treated by a short-termn intensive course of mapharside, there developed haemorrhagic

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... or, as we prefer to term it, arsenical encephalopathy; this paper gives a detailed account of the syndrome as observed by us together with the results of our investigations. In the discussion which follows the case records certain suggestions are put forward with regard both to the therapy for and the pathological basis of this condition; although conscious of their many shortcomings, we believe that they may be of value to other workers in intensive therapy. We should like to apologize here for the lack of reference to published works, but facilities for an adequate search of the literature have necessarily been lacking owing to service conditions in the Middle East.