The aim of this paper is to propose a new similarity measure of singlevalued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs). The idea of the construction of the new similarity measure comes from Chi-square distance measure, which is an important measure in the applications of image analysis and statistical inference. Numerical examples are provided to show the superiority of the proposed similarity measure comparing with the existing similarity measures of SVNSs. A weighted similarity is also put forward based on

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... e proposed similarity. Some examples are given to show the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed similarity in pattern recognition, medical diagnosis and multi-attribute decision making problems under single-valued neutrosophic environment.