Surgical intervention, as a method of treatment, continues to be considered as the main method today for many diseases of the thyroid gland. When determining the indications for surgical intervention, sometimes the morphological verification of thyroid lesion is neglected, the peculiarities of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are not taken into account. There is still a concept that any thyroid nodule is a potential cancer. This approach to thyroid surgery, on the one hand, ends

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... a large number of unjustified surgical interventions. On the other hand, where the operation is really indicated, it is performed in an inadequate volume. In view of the danger of postoperative hypothyroidism, the tactics of performing organ-preserving thyroid surgeries is quite widespread, even in malignant lesions. As a result of this approach, the number of complications increases, the quality of life of patients decreases, and in addition, the cost of their treatment and follow-up increases. The most common thyroid diseases, in which surgical treatment is widely used, are thyroid tumors and diseases occurring with thyrotoxicosis syndrome (Graves-Basedow disease), multi nodular toxic goiter). Diseases of the thyroid gland have an ambiguous rate of spread not only depending on the region, but also on the age and morphological verification of the process. According to the available literature data, 5-10% of the world's population suffers from nodular changes in the thyroid gland, which are widespread in the population, especially among people of the older age group, which a number of researchers consider as one of the variants of age-related thyroid involution. Multi nodular euthyroid goiter (MUEZ) accounts for 25 to 62%. In Germany, for example, people over 45 are most susceptible to manifestations of nodular changes in the thyroid gland, and the gender distribution of these changes corresponds to 40% in women and 30% in men. According to the US, there are already 100 mil. residents affected by nodular goiter and anothe [...]