This paper analyses the feasibility of optimally utilizing Ontario's grid potential for charging Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) during off-peak periods. Based on a simplified zonal model of Ontario's electricity transmission network and a zonal pattern of base-load generation capacity from 2009 to 2025, an optimization model is developed to find the optimal as well as maximum penetrations of PHEVs into Ontario's transport sector. The results of this study demonstrate that the present

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... nd projected electricity grid in Ontario can be optimally exploited for charging almost 6% of the total vehicles in Ontario or 12.5% of the vehicles in Toronto's transport sector by 2025; this corresponds to approximately 500,000 PHEVs that can be charged from the grid without any additional transmission or power generation investments beyond those currently planned.