Among solid tumors, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the paradigm of the application of precision medicine to clinical practice. Understanding many biomolecular mechanisms in the determinism of NSCLC has ensured the development of small molecules targeting specific genetic mutations with key roles in tumor disease progression. The ATLAS IALSC guidelines recommend carrying out screening for rearrangement of the ALK gene in all patients with advanced NSCLC, mainly for the

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... type adenocarcinoma or with an adenocarcinoma component. The use of next generation sequencing (NGS) panels applied to liquid biopsy provides a powerful method for the genetic profiling of NSCLC for both standard treatment options and clinical trials. Liquid biopsy represents a powerful non-invasive methodology to provide clinically useful information in defining the therapeutic process of patients with translocated ALK NSCLC.