Sample size and age (years) 125 men (E = 63, C = 62), mean age 60.7 in E and 61.1 in C Diagnosis Number of leakage (diary), pad use, IIQ, QoL questionnaires Training protocol E: one treatment preoperatively BF with rectal probe + home exercises pre-and postoperatively Home: 15 contractions of 2-10 s, 3x/day C: brief verbal information to interrupt urine stream postoperatively once a day Drop-out 10% after surgery; 18% after 6 months Results Significant difference in duration of incontinence

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... ber of leakage) between E and C group at 6 months after surgery (p = 0.04); number patients wearing pads (p <0.05) Author Centemero et al., 2010 Design 2-arm RCT Experimental group (E): preoperative and postoperative PFME Control group (C): postoperative PFME Sample size and age (years) 118 men (E = 59, C = 59), median age 60.5 in E and 57.5 in C Diagnosis Self-reported continence, ICS male SF score, 24-h pad-test Training protocol E: 8 guided PFME preoperatively + 30 days home exercises preoperatively and 8 guided PFME during 1 month after catheter removal, at home; PFME postoperatively till continence, 30 min daily C: same postoperative programme Drop-out 0% Results Significant difference in incontinence between E and C group: at 1 and 3 months after surgery (p = 0.018/0.028) for self-reported continence at 1 and 3 months after surgery (p = 0.002/0.002) for ICS male SF score at 1 and 3 months after surgery (p = 0.040/0.033) for 24-h pad-test Author Chang et al., 1998