These are the causes, chiefly as shown by the symptoms, for the records of the postmortem examinations in many are either wanting or imperfect. Many of these amputations, performed by myself, and other gentlemen of the medical staff, at the hospitals under my direction in Oporto, were treated under circumstances peculiarly harassing to the medical officer. The hospital crowded ; cholera and a malignant fever, remittent and typhoid in character, generally prevailing. The circumstances then were

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... ighly unpropitious, and. the mortality is certainly great in proportion. Somewhat more than half-we may take as the average loss when