Keywords: holmium laser lithotripsy ureteral calculi ureteroscopy a b s t r a c t Objective: We report our experience in the treatment of ureteral calculi by ureteroscopic stone manipulation (URS-SM). Materials and methods: In 2009, 420 patients with ureteral calculi underwent a total number of 438 URS-SMs with a lithoclast, holmium laser, or both. All patients were evaluated by plain radiography, sonography, and excretory urography prior to the operation. Follow-up studies included plain film

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... nd sonography that were done immediately and 2 weeks after the operation. Results: The overall stone-free rate was 95.4%. According to the location of the stones, respective success rates for upper, middle, and lower ureteral stones were 88.4%, 97%, and 100%. The most common cause of failure was stone migration (4.5%). Conclusion: Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is a trustworthy procedure for treating ureteral calculi of different sizes at all levels, and it can be efficaciously and safely performed in expert hands.