Seventy-two preschoolers and 72 second graders observed a model choose his "favorites" in a series of common object trios and were then asked to recall the model's choices. Children at each age witnessed the procedure under a fixed level of distraction, under instructions either to 'look' or 'remember,' and under one of three vicarious consequence treatments (reward, neutral, punishment)._ A series of analyses of the children's overt visual attention to the modeled activity and their recall

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... aled: (1) highly significant positive correlations between attention and recall, (2) a facilitation of attention and recall with instructions to remember, (3) a facilitation of attention and recall under vicarious reward and vicarious punishment treatments only when instructions were to look, and (4) age increases in relevant overt attention and recall.