Pneumocystis jirovecii is a unicellular and eukaryotic organism that causes pneumocystis in humans. With the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, the overall incidence of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia has been decreased. With advanced HIV infection, approximately 85% of the patients experience PCP in the course of the diseases. Pneumocystis infection can present with spontaneous pneumothorax in 35% of the patient

more »

... and with pneumomediastinum in 0.4%-3.3% of population which can be a potentially fatal condition. Pneumorrhachis is a radiological finding. Pneumorrhachis without associated trauma and surgical intervention is rare. We report the case of 16-year-old HIV positive child who developed bilateral pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and pneumorrhachis.