The bladder and the upper urinary tract (UUT) are 9 both lined by urothelium, and have cancer character-10 istics that are histologically and molecularly similar. 11 Aside from inherited (e.g. Lynch family tumor syn-12 drome) [1] or unusual exposures (e.g. phenacetin 13 or herbal remedies with Aristolochia fanchi) [2, 14 3], upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) represents 15 5-10% of all Ucs [4] (Sountoulides) and presents 16 with concomitant UC of the bladder (BC) in 20% 17 of cases [5].

more »

... er about 30% of patients with 18 UTUC have prior histories of BC [6, 7] and as 19 many a 30% of patients with newly diagnosed UTUC 20 without prior BCs will experience a recurrence in 21 the bladder over the 12 months following radical to determine if any preoperative evaluative stud-34 ies predisposed for post RNU recurrences in the 35 bladder. 36 Sharma V., Miest TS, Juvet TS, Toussi A, 37 Packiam V., Chamic, K. Matin SF, Boorjian 38 SA, Thompson RH, Tollefson MK, Potretzke 39 AM. The Impact of Upper Tract Urothelial 40 Carcinoma Diagnostic Modality on Intravesical 41 Recurrence after Radical Nephroureterectomy: A 42 single-institution series and updated meta-analysis. 43 44 97,2021. [7] 45 In the second, authors from Greece performed a 46 systematic review and meta-analysis to determine 47 157 metachronous UTUC). 158 The authors acknowledge that the robustness of 159 their results were low since the retrospective obser-160 vational studies (no randomized prospective clinical 161 trial has been performed on this topic) used in their 162 review/ meta-analysis "enrolled different populations 163 and did not adequately control for potential con-164 founding factors". Data about prior manipulations 165 U n c o r r e c t e d A u t h o r P r o o f E. M. Messing / Paper Alert: Iatrogenic causes of urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract and bladder 3 and treatments, tumor muiltifocality in the bladder 166 or upper tracts, and size of the index bladder tumor 167 were not reported. Moreover, how often TURBT near 168 an orifice causes ureteral damage is unknown. Given 169 these limitations, whether to place a stent to "pro-170 tect a ureter" at the time of TURBT is uncertain, but 171 in view of the low incidence of metachronous upper