Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic complication of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS).The COS aims to produce multiple follicles during assisted reproduction cycles in the hope of increasing the number of eggs available for collection.However, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is characterized by an overactive ovarian response to COS. Increasingly aggressive ovulation induction protocols have led to an increased risk of OHSS.Therefore, the prediction -identification

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... of risk factors in patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) -as well as the prevention of the syndrome, should be the key choices in its treatment.With prevention strategies can personalize the stimulation protocol according to the risk factors identifiedand treat the complications which arise from the increased response to ovarian stimulation.This review summarizes recent developments and provides recommendations on the prevention and treatment of OHSS.