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Cerebral palsy: review of epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, classification and prevention

Claudia Gabriela Potcovaru, Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, Bucharest, Romania, Teodor Salmen, Marius Costin Chitu, Vlad Dima, Margareta Bianca Mihai, Roxana Elena Bohiltea, Delia Cinteza, Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "N. C. Paulescu" National Institute for Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Bucharest, Romania, Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Matei Bals" National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (+2 others)
2022 Romanian Journal of Pediatrics  

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Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopment disorder caused by improper brain development or harm to the developing brain and is the underlying cause of the most common motor disability in children. The clinical symptoms vary between subjects because the etiology is complex and can affect a variety of anatomical structures and each of these can lead to a different symptom. The motor dysfunction is often associated with sensory, perceptual, cognitive, communication and behaviour impairments as
more » ... as epilepsy and secondary musculoskeletal disorders which have a significant influence on the child's quality of life, activity, and participation. The risk of developing CP is present in infants born preterm, but these children sum up less than 50% of cases. The factors that cause CP in children born at term are grouped in antenatal, perinatal, neonatal, some of them can be modified like alcohol consumption, maternal smoking, infections, but others like genetic factor cannot be modified. CP can be classified in different ways depending on the clinical manifestation. Throughout time classification was based on the type and distribution of motor anomalies, which often corresponded to the area of injury. Spastic subtypes, dyskinetic subtypes, and ataxic subtypes are the three basic forms of motor dysfunction. The most common conditions associated with CP are pain, intellectual disability, speech disorder, bladder control problems, epilepsy, and behaviour disorders. Early intervention is thought to be the most effective treatment for CP. As soon as the diagnosis is determined, rehabilitation treatment should begin. The earlier a rehabilitation intervention begins, the better the prospects of improving the child's functional abilities and independence.
doi:10.37897/rjp.2022.s2.4 fatcat:p2irge7jyzguxmq44skbayh6zq
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Claudia Gabriela Potcovaru, Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, Bucharest, Romania, Teodor Salmen, Marius Costin Chitu, Vlad Dima, Margareta Bianca Mihai, Roxana Elena Bohiltea, Delia Cinteza, Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "N. C. Paulescu" National Institute for Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Bucharest, Romania, Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Matei Bals" National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, Bucharest, Romania. "Cerebral palsy: review of epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, classification and prevention." Romanian Journal of Pediatrics 71.S2 (2022) 18-22