Background A bicornuate uterus often results in infertility. While reconstructive procedures may facilitate pregnancy, spontaneous abortion or serious pregnancy complications may occur. We present a case of a bicornuate uterus with spontaneous conception after Strassman metroplasty; however, life-threatening complications during pregnancy occurred. Case presentation : A 38-year-old woman with a history of infertility presented for prenatal care at 6 weeks of gestation. She had conceived

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... ously after four failed in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedures, Strassman metroplasty for a complete bicornuate uterus, and two postoperative IVF-ET pregnancies that ended in embryo arrest. This pregnancy was uneventful until the patient presented with massive vaginal bleeding at 28 weeks of gestation and was diagnosed with placenta previa and placenta percreta. Bleeding was controlled after emergency Caesarean section and delivery of a healthy neonate. However, severe adhesions were noted as well as a rupture along the metroplasty scar. Two days later, on removal of the intrauterine gauze packing, severe hemorrhage resumed, and the uterus did not respond to oxytocin, hemabate, or carbetocin. Emergency hysterectomy was required. Conclusions Reconstructive surgical procedures for complete bicornuate uterus may allow patients to achieve spontaneous pregnancies. However, potential intrapartum complications include placenta implantation and postpartum hemorrhage, and the latter may be exacerbated as the uterus does not contract or respond to oxytocin or prostaglandin drugs. Patients should be counseled on the risks associated with pregnancy after Strassman metroplasty, and clinicians must be aware of potential severe complications.