Recurrent dynamical symmetry breaking and restoration by Wilson lines at finite densities on a torus

Chung-Chieh Lee, Choon-Lin Ho
2000 Physical Review D, Particles and fields  
In this paper we derive the general expression of a one-loop effective potential of the nonintegrable phases of Wilson lines for an SU(N) gauge theory with a massless adjoint fermion defined on the spactime manifold R^1,d-3× T^2 at finite temperature and fermion density. The Phase structure of the vacuum is presented for the case with d=4 and N=2 at zero temperature. It is found that gauge symmetry is broken and restored alternately as the fermion density increases, a feature not found in the
more » ... ggs mechanism. It is the manifestation of the quantum effects of the nonintegrable phases.
doi:10.1103/physrevd.62.085021 fatcat:6j63ivcgivawlhs7ipdc5mo2ua