The assessment of the bioequivalence of topical products not intended for absorption into the systemic circulation has presented a formidable challenge over the years. In particular, dermatological dosage forms such as creams, ointments, lotions and gels, apart from those containing topical corticosteroids, cannot readily be assessed for bioequivalence using "conventional" methodology and the only recourse to-date has been to undertake tedious, time consuming and expensive clinical end-point

more »

... als for such products. Although the human skin blanching assay (HSBA), also known as the vasoconstriction assay (VCA) has been successfully used for dermatological products containing topical corticosteroids and the methodology has found formal acceptance by a number of regulatory agencies, e.g. the US FDA amongst others, no surrogate methodology for the bioequivalence assessment of other topical dermatological products such as those containing non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs, anti-fungals, antibiotics and antivirals has yet found favour with regulatory agencies. Application of the HSBA, Tape Stripping (TS) and Dermal Microdialysis (DMD) for the assessment of bioequivalence is described and the theoretical basis and prognosis for each technique is presented.