From Galileo telescope designed in 1609 to the recent advanced astronomical telescope, telescopes always help people in coping with different problem. The relation between the parameters of telescope and its performance has been a hot topic for a long time. In this paper, we have designed a simple single-lens telescope based on the Problem No. 3 in International Young Physicist Tournament (IYPT2017) and have done the research related to the performance of our telescope. Here, we mainly focus on

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... the magnification, the contrast and the brightness To demonstrate the performance of our single-lens telescope, According to the theories of geometric optics and physical optics, we have systematically explored the influences of aperture and focal length on the magnification of the telescope, the contrast and brightness of the images and so on, we have experimentally conducted quantitative studies by varying these parameters and elaborate analysis of data with software including MATLAB and Toup View. According to the data and numerical simulation we get in our experiment, we found that our experimental results are consistent with our theory so that a generic conclusion has been drawn. Besides, possible origination of errors in the studies has been discussed and an outlook has been proposed.