14 Assessment of transit service improvements such as bus lanes, allowing boarding through all 15 doors and headway-based holding control requires detailed simulation capabilities. However, as 16 the usage of models advanced enough to simultaneously analyse physical and operational 17 measures has been limited, their validity has hitherto remained low. This paper assesses the 18 implementation of several bus service improvement measures in a simulation model, BusMezzo. 19 We analyse the impact

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... f isolated and combinations of measures, and validate the model using 20 field experiment data. The model predicted travel time improvements accurately (1-2% 21 difference), while overestimating some of the headway variability effects. The three tested 22 measures exercised negative synergy effects with their combined effect being smaller than the 23 sum of their marginal contributions, except for headway-based holding which exercised positive 24 synergy effects with the two other measures. 25