Frequency-dependent neural activity, CBF, and BOLD fMRI to somatosensory stimuli in isoflurane-anesthetized rats

Tae Kim, Kazuto Masamoto, Mitsuhiro Fukuda, Alberto Vazquez, Seong-Gi Kim
2010 NeuroImage  
Inhalation anesthetics (e.g. isoflurane) are preferable for longitudinal fMRI experiments in the same animals. We previously implemented isoflurane anesthesia for rodent forepaw stimulation studies, and optimized the stimulus parameters with short stimuli (1-3-s long stimulation with ten electric pulses). These parameters, however, may not be applicable for long periods of stimulation because repetitive stimuli induce neural adaptation. Here we evaluated frequency-dependent responses (pulse
more » ... h of 1.0 ms and current of 1.5 mA) for 30-s long stimulation under 1.3-1.5% isoflurane anesthesia. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) response (using laser Doppler flowmetry: CBF LDF ) and field potential (FP) changes were simultaneously measured for nine stimulus frequencies (1-24 Hz). CBF (using arterial spin labeling: CBF ASL ) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI responses were measured at 9.4 T for four stimulus frequencies (1.5-12 Hz). Higher stimulus frequencies (12-24 Hz) produced a larger FP per unit time initially, but decreased more rapidly later due to neural adaptation effects. On the other hand, lower stimulus frequencies (1-3 Hz) induced smaller, but sustained FP activities over the entire stimulus period. Similar frequencydependencies were observed in CBF LDF , CBF ASL and BOLD responses. A linear relationship between FP and CBF LDF was observed for all stimulus frequencies. Stimulation frequency for the maximal cumulative neural and hemodynamic changes is dependent on stimulus duration; 8-12 Hz for short stimulus durations (b 10 s) and 6-8 Hz for 30-s stimulation. Our findings suggest that neural adaptation should be considered in determining the somatosensory stimulation frequency and duration under isoflurane anesthesia.
doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.064 pmid:20350603 pmcid:PMC2883664 fatcat:w64wn4vwtndn3pizluh36rpfoe