Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group Background and Purpose-Previous ultrasound-based studies have shown an association between carotid artery atherosclerosis and dementia. Our aim was to investigate this association using postmortem examination. Methods-Postmortem morphometric measurements of carotid stenosis and intima-media thickness were performed in individuals with dementia (nϭ112) and control subjects (nϭ577). Multivariate logistic regression models were applied. Results-High-grade left

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... rnal carotid stenosis (Ն70%) was associated with increased odds for dementia (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.14 -4.74; Pϭ0.02). Intima-media thickness was not associated with dementia. Conclusions-The likelihood of dementia is increased with high-grade left internal carotid artery atherosclerosis after adjusting for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. (Stroke. 2011;42:3614-3615.) The online-only Data Supplement is available at http://stroke.ahajournals.org/lookup/suppl/