Globally, diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of death. It is estimated for 1.87 million deaths each year, accounting for approximately 19% among children of under- five. Most of these deaths are due to dehydration and mismanagement or delayed management of the disease. Appropriate home treatment of under-five diarrheal diseases could prevent a significant number of child deaths and complications due to illnesses. Objectives: To asses prevalence of under-five diarrheal diseases, knowledge

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... and practice of home treatment; it's associated factors among mothers residing in selected sub-cities street of Addis Ababa town, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: Cross-Sectional study was conducted among mothers residing in street who had under-five children in Addis Ababa, February 2016.A sample of 422 mothers were selected from four sub-cities by systematic sampling technique. Data was collected on 406 respondents through pre-tested structured questionnaire with face to face interview. Then, data were entered using EPI Info version 7 and exported to SPSS for analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess knowledge, practice and their associated factors. Significances were considered at P -value less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Results: Out of all mothers residing in the streets, the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five index children was 53.8%.One hundred sixty three (40.1%) mothers residing in the streets had good knowledge and 117(28.8%) of them had good practice on home treatment. During bi-variate and multi-variate analysis, Mothers who were able to read and write were 2 times more likely to develop good knowledge of home treatment than illiterate mothers.[AOR=1.767, 95% CI, (1.112, 2.807)] Mothers aged from 25-34 years were 4 times more likely to develop good practice of home treatment than mothers in the age category 15–24 years old. [AOR=4.314, 95 % CI, (2.417, 7.701)].Mothers aged 35 years and above were 5 times more likely to develop good practice of home treatment t [...]