Objective: To detect the frequency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and its association with neonatal jaundice. Methodology: This hospital based comparative study was conducted on neonatesadmitted for neonatal jaundice at Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st Jan, 2006 to 1 June, 2012. A total of 4900 patients were admittedduring this time period, of which 1695 (34.6%) neonates were treated for neonatal Jaundice. Estimation of serum bilirubin (both direct and indirect)

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... was done in all cases and G6PD was done in cases with severe jaundice or with any absolute indication. Results: Out of the total 1695 patients admitted for neonatal jaundice, 152(9%) babies were found to be G6PD deficient. Majority of the patients presented with jaundice in the first 4 days of life. G6PD was found to be the most severe form of jaundice with 56% out all exchange transfused neonates were having no other risk factor but G6PD deficiency. ABO (31.97%) and sepsis (30%) were the common causes of neonatal jaundice. Conclusion: G6PD is one of the common causes of neonatal jaundice. Babies with G6PD can present earlier and can have serious consequences.