The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk behaviours amongst inmates at the Montevideo Prison in 2005. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of HIV infection and different risk practices were analysed in a sample of 191 individuals by means of a serological study and personal interview based on a structured questionnaire. Results: A prevalence of 6.5% was found for HIV infection in prison. The variables that proved to be risk factors were:

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... prison sentences (p=0.009; OR= 9.51; IC95%: 1.31-144.0), having had an HIV (+) sexual partner in the past (p=0.000025; OR=7.87; IC95%: 2.58-23.9), current relationship with an HIV (+) partner (p=0.0013; OR=14.24; IC95%: 2.84-70.65), intravenous drug use (p=0.0001; OR=22.6; IC95%: 6.87-78.9), intravenous drug use in prison (p=0.03; OR=4.93; IC95%: 1.10-22.81) and sharing needles (p=0.004; OR=12.5; IC95%: 1.72-114.7).