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An Innovative Approach to BOP in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals:
2018
Japan Marketing Journal
BOP businesses have been increasing in Japan. However, many Japanese companies that are too accustomed to conducting conventional marketing with wealthy clusters of consumers seem to be struggling to understand BOP market needs. According to Hart and London (2011) , the classic definition of BOP is 4 billion people in the world with an annual income of less than $3,000. However, this definition is too crude from the viewpoint of practical marketing, in which actual living situations, including
doi:10.7222/marketing.2018.025
fatcat:mgaikguhaneknd3dveslv3po4q